Abstract: Lucanidae is an important group of Coleoptera:Lucanidae, which is famous for its unique morphological characteristics and biodiversity, and is also an important indicator for evaluating the health status of forest ecosystem. However, with the intensification of global climate change, the survival and distribution of Stag beetles are facing new challenges. In this paper, the taxonomical characteristics, distribution pattern, and gut microbiota of Stag beetles distributed in China were reviewed. According to the comprehensive analysis, the distribution pattern of Stag beetles may be closely related to their strict habitat preferences for forest ecosystem. Additionally, the structure and diversity of gut microbiota played a significant role in the life activities of the host, and the rising temperature may further change the composition and function of these gut microbiota. Based on these findings, it is further suggested that it is necessary to strengthen the long-term monitoring of the impacts of climate change on the distribution of Stag beetles in the future, and further study the relationship between the structure of their gut microbiota and ecological suitability, as well as the mechanisms underlying species diversity formation. These studies are of great significance for understanding the biodiversity and species conservation of Stag beetles in China.