Abstract: The alpine grasslands in western Sichuan, located on the southeastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, serve as a crucial ecological barrier in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River and Yellow River basins. Due to the combined effects of climate change and human activities, this region has suffered severe rodent pest problems. Using the methods of bibliometric analysis, data integration, and comprehensive review, based on Chinese and English literature published between 1990 and 2026, together with data from the Sichuan Province Grassland Pest Survey and field investigations, the paper systematically reviewed the research hotspots, distribution patterns of major rodent pests, control technologies, and the current status of rodent management in this region. The results showed that the plateau pika (Ochotona curzoniae) and plateau zokor (Eospalax baileyi) were the dominant rodent pests in the alpine grasslands of western Sichuan. Although intelligent monitoring and green control technologies have been preliminarily adopted, rodent management in the region still faced several challenges, including inadequate monitoring and early-warning systems, limited application of integrated control strategies, and insufficient coordination between population regulation and ecological restoration. Future research should focus on elucidating the mechanisms behind rodent outbreaks and identifying the ecological thresholds, and clarifying the relationships between rodent activities and ecosystem processes. It is also important to promote the construction of intelligent monitoring and early warning systems, improve the novel green control technologies, and simultaneously carry out ecological management measures, such as vegetation restoration, soil fertility enhancement, and natural enemy conservation, thereby enhancing the self-regulating capacity of grassland ecosystems. These integrated approaches will contribute to the sustainable management of rodent pests in alpine grasslnds, and strengthen the regional ecological security barrier.