Abstract: With the implementation of the Seed Law of the People's Republic of China and the Regulations of the People's Republic of China on the Protection of New Varieties of Plants, a sound protection system for new plant varieties has been established in China, and the scope, intensity and management services of protection have been continuously optimized. According to the announcement of the State Forestry and Grassland Bureau on the official website and the annual statistical data of new varieties and intellectual property rights of forestry and grassland plants in China, by the end of 2025, the National Forestry and Grassland Administration (NFGA) had granted 7194 new plant variety rights nationwide, including 80 new varieties of forest and grass plants in Sichuan province. After conducting multi-dimensional data analysis, including the number of annual authorizations, composition of variety right holders, plant categories, and comparisons with other provinces, the conclusions were as follows: the number of authorizations in Sichuan had increased rapidly since 2021, and the variety owners were mainly developed jointly by research institutes and enterprises, covering 21 genera, among which Zanthoxylum breeding had outstanding cultication advantages, and the variery types were highly compatible with the "Tianfu Forest Grain Depot" construction. However, the amount of authorization in Sichuan Province was lower than the middle in the ranking of provinces in China, and there were some challenges such as unbalanced application distribution, insufficient protection awareness, and difficulties in law enforcement and rights protection. Corresponding countermeasures (strengthening publicity, improving mechanisms, standardizing law enforcement, and enhancing breeding with policy incentives) were proposed to promote the protection of forest and grass varieties and the high-quality development of related industries in Sichuan Province.