Abstract: Explore the effects of different formulations of fertilization on the growth and economic traits of young and mature Camellia oleifera trees, and screen the optimal ratios of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium as well as the concentration of fertilizers, with the aim of providing theoretical references for further realizing the nutrient management of C. oleifera plantation and scientific fertilization.Young and mature C. oleifera plantation were used as test objects, and nine different fertilizer formulas were used to treat the soil. The content of soil organic matter were determined by potassium dichromate volumetric method. The content of total and available nitrogen was determined by Kjeldahl Method. The content of soil total and available phosphorus was determined by molybdenum-antimony colorimetric method. The content of soil total and available potassium was determined by photon absorption method. The content of elements in plants was determined by sulphuric acid-mixed accelerator-distillation method. There were significant differences in soil organic matter, nutrient content and plant elemental content between different treatment groups and the control, and the overall trend was that each trait of the C. oleifera plantation showed an increasing and then a decreasing with the increase of fertilizer concentration. The young C. oleifera plantation reached the best at treatment group 5, compared with the control group young C. oleifera plantation plant height and diameter increased by 36.6% and 38.7%; mature plantation reached the best at treatment group 6, dry kernel yield, yield per plant and oil content increased by 26.4%, 41.7% and 27.5% respectively.The N, P and K ratios of 2:1:1 (N 300 g/plant, P₂O₅ 150 g/plant, K₂O 150 g/plant) in young C. oleifera can effectively promote the growth of plant height and diameter, and the N, P and K ratios of 2:1:2 (N 600 g/plant, P₂O₅ 300 g/plant, K₂O 600 g/plant) in mature C. oleifera plantation can effectively improve the yield and quality of C. oleifera.