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中华小熊猫空间利用和活动模式特征分析

The spatial utilization and activity pattern characteristics of the released red panda

  • 摘要: 空间利用特征与活动模式是评估野生动物行为可塑性的关键指标,解析动物行为塑造机制是生态学研究的重要议题。2023年9月至11月期间,通过GPS项圈追踪技术对1只救护后放归的中华小熊猫(Ailurus styani)的野外空间利用模式及活动节律进行分析。结果表明:该个体家域面积为7.27 km2,核心活动区为3.07 km2;其生境选择显著偏好海拔2704.77±369.16 m、坡度20.64±9.91°的西南坡向区域。中华小熊猫呈典型晨昏性活动节律,日均移动距离达2694.33±2233.04 m。与既有假设相悖,气候因子对其活动强度无显著影响,但移动距离随海拔升高呈正相关趋势。此现象表明海拔梯度可能制约中华小熊猫的活动模式,地形因子在其行为策略塑造中具有关键作用。揭示了小熊猫在野化环境中的行为可塑性特征,为后续保护策略制定及生态适应机制研究提供基线数据。

     

    Abstract: Space utilization and activity patterns serve as key indicators for assessing the environmental adaptation of wild animals. Investigating the environmental adaptation strategies of animals remains a central focus in animal ecology. From September to November 2023, we used GPS collar tracking technology to monitor the activity locations and movement levels of a released red panda (Ailurus styani) in its natural habitat, analyzing the relationship between its activity patterns and environmental factors. The results revealed that the home range of the red panda was 7.27 km2, with a core activity area of 3.07 km2. The red panda exhibited a preference for areas at an altitude of 2704.77±369.16 m, a slope of 20.64±9.91°, and a southwest-facing aspect. It demonstrated a morning-crepuscular activity rhythm, with an average daily movement distance of 2694.33±2233.04 m. Contrary to prior assumptions, climate appeared to have no significant influence on the red panda's activity, whereas movement distance increased with rising altitude. This suggests that altitude may constrain the red panda's activity patterns, while topographic factors play a pivotal role in shaping its behavioral strategies. Although this study focused on a single individual, it represents the first application of GPS collar tracking technology to elucidate the behavioral patterns of red pandas in the wild, providing valuable scientific insights for future conservation efforts and habitat management policy development.

     

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