Abstract: Fagus lucida is an endemic tree species in China, which has high economic value. However, there is still a lack of systematic research on its geographical distribution and ecological adaptability. Predicting the distribution pattern of F. lucida under current and future climate conditions and evaluating its climate change resilience not only helps to understand its adaptation potential under climate change, but also provides a scientific basis for introduction, cultivation, and habitat protection, thus ensuring its continued survival in the future environment. Based on distribution points of F. lucida and bioclimatic variables, the potential suitable habitat of F. lucida in China under current and future (2050s and 2070s) climate scenarios (SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, SSP5-8.5) were predicted by the MaxEnt model. The MaxEnt model was optimized using the ‘ENMeval’ package in R to obtain the best parameter combination (RM=0.5, FC=LQ). Results ① Under current climate conditions, F. lucida was widely distributed in 22 provinces of China, mainly located in the southern regions, with Hunan having the largest suitable habitat. ② Temperature-related variables, such as the minimum temperature of the coldest month (bio6, 82.1%), isothermality (bio3, 9.6%), and temperature seasonality (bio4, 4.9%), were key factors affecting the distribution of F. lucida. ③ Under future climate scenarios, the suitable habitats for F. lucida were expected to expand overall. However, highly suitable habitats were facing the risk of gradual reduction. Conclusion F. lucida is widely distributed in China, and Hunan and Jiangxi provide ideal conditions for cultivation and introduction, serving as safe refuges for F. lucida to cope with climate change. In regions such as Shaanxi and Shandong, where suitable habitat areas are expected to decrease significantly in the future, and ex-situ conservation measures should be actively implemented.