Abstract: Puberty is an important stage in the process of animal growth and development, and its mechanism is very complicated. In this paper, a case of early estrus of a subadult giant panda was reported, and the potential reasons affecting the early estrus of female giant pandas were discussed from the aspects of genetic and endocrine, nutrition, individual development and climate environment. Meanwhile, In the breeding and management of giant pandas, scientific and reasonable manage measures should be formulated to maintain the appropriate growth rate and reduce or avoid premature estrus.